A cobpobation



Reissued Jan. 3, 1928.

UNITED STATES Re. 16,841 PATENT OFFICE.

DONALD 1B. BBADNEB, OF HAMILTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO FEDERAL LABORATORIES, INC., OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

METHOD AND AIPIAIRATUS FOR DISPEBSING TOXIC AND OTHER IRRITANT SUBSTANCES.

Originalli'o. 1,541,103, dated June 9, 1925, Serial-No. 713,599, filed May 1924. Application for reissue flied September 2, 1926. Serial No. 133,288.

This invention relates to the dispersion of toxic and irritant substances without sub stantial chemical decomposition.

Among the objects of. .,this invention 1s to i provide a process and apparatus for dispersing toxic and irritant substances, for ex ample, diphenylaminechlorarsine and chlor 5 decomposition of a substantial portion of the evolved irritant or toxic material and whereby overheating of the toxic is practically reduced to a minimum. A further object of this invention ls'to I provide a portable apparatus serving .as a candle wherein avaporizable body of irrisame, the hot gases acting as avehicle for the vaporized irritant. Preferably, the

i evolved combustion gases are caused to pass over a body of the toxic orirritant in such manner as to avoid overheating of the toxic or irritant and thus prevent raising thebody ,of such material or the evolved products therefrom to a temperature which would result in a substantial decomposition.

Other,.further and more specific objects of the invention will become readily apparent to persons skilled in the'art from a consideration of the following description when taken in conjunction with the drawing, wherein a specific form of a device for carrying out" my invention is shown partly in elevation and partly in section, a. portion of the device being broken away to illustrate the interior construction thereof.

This apparatus consists of a can having a lower compartment (1) bolted or otherwise fastened to the upper compartment (2) suitablepacking material (3), for examp e asbestos'paper, bein provided to make a tight connection. Att e bottom-of compartment (1) is laced a suitable fuel mixture 4) upon w i'ch is placed amatch composition (5).. This match composition is set ofi by pulling. the rod (6) which brings the scratcher composition (7) in contact with the match composition (5), the latter being sensitive to frlctlonal engagement with the scratcher composition (7). When this match compositlon burns it ignites the fuel mixture t) and the products of combustion through the stack. (8). I The stack (8) is connected to the plate forming the base of the upper compartpass out ment (2). Upon this plate .(9) is placed thetoxic or irritant (10). As the products of combustion of the fuel (4) leave thestack (8) they pass over the surface of the toxic or irritant (10), being deflected by the .baflie plate (11) so as to travel over practically the entire surface of the toxic or irritant material. These combustion gases heat the toxic or irritant and cause same to volatilize and become entrained in the combustion gases and pass out therewith through the conduit (12) leading to the opening (13).

at the' top of the can. tant is subjected to hot gases to vaporlze the The portion (14) of the baflie plate (11), whlch is directly over the mouth of the stack (8) from which the combustion gases issue, is preferably re-enforced by plate (15) and asbestos material (16) is inserted between plates (14) and (15). This portion of the plate (11) is also-near the exit opening (13) of the can and it is desirableto-prevent as much as possible the'heating of these gases as they issue from the can. By providing this asbestos (16), excessive heating-by the combustion gases of theplate (11) at this point'is eliminated to a large extent, if not completely avoided.

In order to facilit'atethe' operation of the rod (6) carrying the scratcher composition (7),- one-end of rod (6) is provided with a handle (17). The match composition (5) is kept 1n position by means of a zinc strip (18) and the anchor wires (19) embedded inthe fuel ('45).

The fuel (4) may be a suitable explosive such as black powder;nitrocellulose, a mixture of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, a mixture of charcoal and NHJTO or a mixtureofcharcoal and NaNO I A suitable -match composit'on consists of KQIO v (5 parts) and black antimony sul' phlde (2 parts) bound together i 1 Clplart). v e scratcher composition may consist of by dextrine red phosphorous (6 parts) and fine sand 83 use chloracetotoluone, capsaicin or diphenylchlorarsine.

As is known, the halogen derivatives of acetophenone are capable of producing irritation and lac'h-rymation at concentrations below .01 milligrams per liter in three minutes when persons are exposed thereto.

The device is operated by drawing the scratcher over the match composition, causing the latter to ignite and fire the fuel (4). The combustion gases of this fuel pass over the surface of the body of irritant, thereby heating and volatilizing the irritant. This exchange of heat raises the irritant to a temperature permitting the products of com bustion, as they pass over the surface of the irritant, to carry off a considerable amount of the irritant vapors. The combustion gases are also partially cooled by this exchange of heat, thus preventing objectionable or serious decomposition of the irritant gases. The net effect of this lengthy passage of the combustion gases over the surface of the irritant is to accomplish the distillation of the irritant at a much lower erature than would occur by direct heating and. thereby avoiding exposure of the-evolved irritant to temperatures promoting decomposition or chemical reaction rendering the volatilized material unfit for the purposes desired. v

In my reissue Patent 16,495, there is disclosed and claimed a specific form of my broad invention in which the fuel and the irritant are in contact with one another and are preferably intimately distributed.

The present invention is not limited to the specific details set forth in the foregoing examples which should be construed as illustrative and not by way of limitation, and in view of the numerous modifications which may be effected therein without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, it is desired that .onlysuch limitations be posed as are indicated in the appended claims.

f I claim as my.invention:

1; In a method of dis ersing an irritant without substantial chemical decomposition,

passing a streamof hot products of combustion over the surface of a body of said irridecomposition, passing a stream of hot products of combustion over the surface of a body of said irritant and carrying ed thevolatilized irritant as an entrained component of said fuel gases, the temperature and rate of flow of said products of combustion being regulated so that said irritant will be maintained below a temperature promoting substantial chemical decomposition thereof.

4. In a method of dispersing an organic, toxic irritant Without substantial chemical decomposition, passing a stream of hot prod nets of combustion over'the surface of a. body of said irritant and carrying 011' the volatilized irritant as an entrained component of said products of combustion, the temperature and rate of flow of said fuel gases being regulated so that said irritant will be maintained below a temperature promoting substantial chemical decomposition thereof. i

5. In a portable apparatus for dispersing an irritant without substantial chemical de composition thereof, a compartment for holding fuel, another compartment for holding the irritant, means for delivering the combustion gases from the first compartment to the surfaceof the irritant within the second compartment and an exit passage for gases issuing from.the said second compartment.

6. In an apparatus for dispersing an irritant without substantial chemical decomposition thereof, a compartment for holding fuel, another compartment for holding the irritant, meansfor delivering the combustion gases from the first compartment to the surface of the irritant within the second compartment, said means comprising a con- .duit extending from the upper portion of'the 'first compartment to the upper portion of the second compartment, an exit passage for gasesissuing from the said second compartment and means forigniting the fuel in the first compartment.

7 In a portable apparatus fordispersing an irritant without substantial chemlcal decomposition thereof, a lower compartmentfor holding fuel, an. upper compartment above the first-named compartment for holdw ing the irritant. means for conducting. the

exit gases to thesurface of the irritant within the upperchamber and means foreffecting a tortuous from the upper compartment.

8. In an apparatus for dispersing an irritant without substantial chemical decomposition thereof, a lower compartment for holding fuel, an upper compartment above the first-named compartment for holding the irritant, means comprising a stack communiv tainer.

of the upper compartmenteating with the top of the lower compartment and extending into the upper portion of the upper compartment for conducting the exit gases to the surface of the-irritant within the u per chamber and means comprising a be e plate for effecting a tortuous passage of the exit gases from the upper compartment. 7

9. In anapparatus for dispersing an irritant without substantial chemical decoin osition thereof, a compartment containing fuel, another compartment containing the irritant, means fordelivering the combustion gases from the first compartment to the surface of the irritant within the second compartment and an exit passage for gases issuing from the said second compartment.

7 In an apparatus for dispersing an irritant without substantial chemical decom position thereof, a lower compartment for olding fuel, an upper compartment above the first-named compartment for holding the irritant, means comprisin a stack communicating with the top of e lower compartment and extending into the upper portion for conducting the exit gases to the surface of the irritant within the upper chamber and means comprising a battle plate for efiecting a tortuous passage of the exit gases from the upper compartment.

11. In the method of dispersing a vaporizable irritant, subjectin a body of irritant to surface contact of ot gases within a container to vaporize such irritant, and utilizing the gases as a, vehicle for the vaporized irritant to carry it out of the con- 12. In the method of dispersing i va orizable irritant, causing combustlon' 'of 'a el, subjectin a body of irritant to surface contact by the heated products of combustion of such fuel so as to vaporize the irritant, such vaporization-being efl'ected within a container, and utilizing the fuel gases as a vehicle for the vaporized irritant to carry the same but of the container.

13. For the production of an incapacitating gas, a lachrymatory halogen derivative of aceto henone, and a combustible material so place with respect .thereto that the heated roducts of combustion come into c ontact wit the halogen derivative and vaporize the same.

14. For the production of an incapacitating gas, a container having therein a vaporizable lachrymating organic compound,

and a combustible material so placed with respect thereto that the heated products of combustion come into contact with the lachrymating organic compound an vaporize the same, the combustible products of combustion lar gases .for carrying rymating compound out 15. In the method of pacitating gas, burning a material capable of self-supporting combustion within a substantially closed container, subjectin a halogen derivative of acetophenone wit in the container to the heated products of combustion, and discharging the heated products of combustion, together with the halogen derivative of acetophenone vaporized thereby, from the container.

16. In an apparatus for dispersin an irritant, a substantially closed chamber aving a discharge opening, a vapo'rizable irritant within the chamber, in the chamber so placed with respect to the irritant that the heated products of combustion come into contact with the irritant and vaporizethe same, said opening providin an outlet for the products of combustion an entrained vaporized irritant. Y

17. A unitary portable apparatus for dispersing an irritant, comprising a substantially closed container having a discharge opening, a lachrymatory halogenderivative of'acetophenone within the container, and a combustible material so placed with res ect thereto that the heated products of com usmaterial furnishing which act as vehicuthe vaporized lachof the container.

producing an incaand a combustible with- I tion come into contact with the halogen derivative and vaporize the same, said discharge openmg providing an outlet for the products of combustion and the entrained .01 milligrams per liter in three minutes, to v heated gases enerated by the burning of a material capa le of self-supporting combustion, the heated gases when they act on the compound being at a temperature sufiicient to volatilize the compound but below that at which the lachrymatory qualities are destroyed.

19. For the production of an incapacitating gas, a lachrymating organic compound not readily vaporizable at ordinary temperatures and which lachrymates at a concentration below .01 milligrams per liter inthree minutes, and a combustible material so fp'laced with respect thereto that the heated fgrloduc-ts of combustion come into contact with the compound and Va orize the same.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set In hand.

y DONALD B. BRADNER. 

